Originating from the Romagna region of northeastern Italy, the Lagotto Romagnolo is a distinctive medium-sized breed celebrated for its curly, waterproof coat and exceptional olfactory prowess. Over five centuries, this breed has undergone a remarkable transformation—evolving from a traditional waterfowl retriever to a globally renowned truffle hunter and cherished family pet12.

As one of Europe’s oldest dog breeds, the Lagotto Romagnolo traces its roots to the 15th century. Named after the Italian word “laghetto” (small lake), it was originally bred to retrieve waterfowl in the marshlands of the Po River Delta14. By the late 19th century, the breed faced extinction due to wetland drainage until Italian farmers recognized its scenting abilities. Retrained to locate underground truffles, the Lagotto became the world’s only certified truffle-hunting dog, saving itself from obsolescence while securing a vital role in truffle cultivation1016.

The Lagotto is compact (41-48 cm in height, 11-16 kg in weight) with a muscular build and enduring stamina1. Its signature woolly coat consists of two layers: a dense, insulating undercoat and a coarse, water-resistant outer layer. Coat colors range from rich browns and oranges to white, often with speckled patterns117. The broad head features a squared muzzle, dark almond-shaped eyes radiating intelligence, and webbed paws ideal for navigating muddy terrains13. This adaptive design ensures success in both aquatic and truffle-hunting environments.

Renowned for high intelligence and obedience, the Lagotto excels in complex tasks. As truffle hunters, they display relentless focus and endurance; as family pets, they are gentle, sensitive companions, particularly adept at bonding with children1720. Swedish behavioral studies (BPH) highlight their sociability and playfulness, with heritability scores of 0.16-0.26, indicating genetic potential for enhanced companionship traits8.

While generally robust (lifespan: 15-17 years), the breed faces risks like hereditary epilepsy and hip dysplasia921. Puppy epilepsy, often resolving by 13 weeks, mirrors human benign familial neonatal epilepsy21. Reputable breeders conduct over 200 genetic health tests and DNA screenings to eliminate disease-causing alleles1016. Recent successes in international dog shows, such as Penelope Rose’s 2022 Italian National Championship placement, underscore the breed’s balance of form and function15.

Today, the Lagotto Romagnolo has transcended its Italian origins. In the U.S., its AKC popularity surged from 114th in 2015 to 99th in 2024, making it one of the fastest-growing breeds920. Beyond truffle hunting, Lagotti serve in search-and-rescue and therapy roles, leveraging their scenting skills for critical human assistance17. Breeders in Spain, Oregon, and other regions preserve its legacy through ethical practices, ensuring this ancient breed thrives in modern societ